In engineering, a problem P is defined by an objective function that needs to be optimized, a vector of parameters that can be adjusted, and constraints that must be satisfied.

The solution S is the optimal set of parameter values that achieve the desired optimization while staying within the bounds of the constraints.

The term "heuristics" comes from the Greek word "heuriskein," which means "to find" or "to discover." This term reflects the idea of finding or discovering solutions through intuitive or trial-and-error methods.