Some parts of speech (PoS, sometimes also called "word classes" or "syntactic classes") often present in different languages are:

nouns (N)

adjectives (Adj)

pronouns (Pro)

numerals (Num)

verbs (V)

adverbs (Adv)

particles

prepositions, conjunctions, onomatopeia, ...

What follows what, what impacts what.

Note :: in some languages, sequential order is more strict, in some, it is more relaxed