One of the most fundamental dichotomy in linguistics is the phone / phoneme dichotomy:

a phone is any distinct speech sound regardless of whether the exact sound is critical to the meanings of words

a phoneme is a speech sound in a given language that, if swapped with another phoneme, could change one word to another

Phones are absolute and are not specific to any language, but phonemes can be discussed only in reference to specific languages.

Look into mirror (or use https://udk.ai/facemesh/ ) and ...

pronounce continuous AAAA , EEEE , IIII and OOOO waves

put a finger in front of Your lips; start voicng a vowel sound; while doing so, make Your lips touch Your finger; what do You notice

pronounce PA PA PA and BA BA BA

pronounce MA MA MA

pronounce TA TA TA and DA DA DA

pronounce NA NA NA

pronounce FA FA FA and VA VA VA

...in all cases, try to answer questions: what is similar ? what is different ?